Reaction Turbines

What kind of turbine is a Francis turbine? Compare a Francis turbine with a Kaplan turbine.

A Kaplan turbine working under a head of $20 \text{ m}$ develops $12000 \text{ kW}$ shaft power. Outer and hub diameters of the runner are $3.5 \text{ m}$ and $1.75 \text{ m}$. Guide blade angle at extreme edge of runner is $35^\circ$. Hydraulic and overall efficiencies are $88$ and $84$. If velocity of whirl is $0$ at outlet, determine the runner vane angles at inlet and exit at extreme edge of runner, and the speed of turbine.

Why is Pelton wheel called an impulse turbine? Derive the equation for the maximum efficiency of a Pelton wheel.

A Kaplan turbine operating under a net head of 20 m developed 36750 kW win an overall efficiency of 86%. The speed ratio is 2 and the flow ratio 0.69. The hub diameter of the wheel is 0.35 times the outside diameter of the wheel. Find the diameter and speed of the turbine.

How the speed of a reaction turbine governed by servomotor, discuss with neat sketch.

A Kaplan turbine operating under a net head of $20 \text{ m}$ develops $100 \text{ kW}$ power with an overall efficiency of $85$. The speed ratio is $2$ and flow ratio is $0.6$. The hub diameter of the wheel is $0.35$ times the outside diameter of the wheel. Determine (i) the diameter and (ii) speed of the turbine.