What are rotodynamic machines? Deduce the Euler's pump-turbine equation.

Differentiate between pressure relief valve and pressure reducing valve.

A pressure relief valve with a poppet area of $650 \text{ mm}^2$ and a spring constant of $450 \text{ kN/m}$ has its spring is initially compressed by $5 \text{ mm}$. The poppet must move by $2.5 \text{ mm}$ from its fully closed position in order to pass full pump flow through the valve. Determine the cracking pressure of the valve, and also the pressure of the valve needed for full pump flow through the valve.

Establish a relationship between the speed of the jet and the speed of the wheel of a Pelton turbine considering maximum efficiency.

A Pelton wheel is working under a head of $250 \text{ m}$ developing $1000 \text{ kW}$ at $300 \text{ rpm}$. The overall efficiency of the turbine is $85$ and the coefficient of the nozzle is $0.98$. The velocity ratio is $0.46$; determine the diameter of the wheel and diameter of the jet, and the size of bucket and number of buckets.

What kind of turbine is a Francis turbine? Compare a Francis turbine with a Kaplan turbine.

A Kaplan turbine working under a head of $20 \text{ m}$ develops $12000 \text{ kW}$ shaft power. Outer and hub diameters of the runner are $3.5 \text{ m}$ and $1.75 \text{ m}$. Guide blade angle at extreme edge of runner is $35^\circ$. Hydraulic and overall efficiencies are $88$ and $84$. If velocity of whirl is $0$ at outlet, determine the runner vane angles at inlet and exit at extreme edge of runner, and the speed of turbine.

Differentiate between fan, blower and compressor.

Compare axial flow compressor with centrifugal flow compressor.

The rotational speed of a two-bladed axial flow fan is $2900 \text{ rpm}$. At the mean radius of $16.5 \text{ cm}$, the rotor blades operate at $C_l = 0.8$ with $C_p = 0.045$. The inlet guide vanes produce a flow angle of $20^\circ$ to the axial direction and the axial velocity through the stage is constant at $20 \text{ m/s}$. For the mean radius, determine the rotor relative flow angles, the stage efficiency, the rotor static pressure increase, and the size of the blade chord needed for this duty.

Derive an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump.

What is priming? Why it is necessary?

A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers $40 \text{ cm}$ in diameter and $2 \text{ cm}$ wide at outlet. The vanes are curved back at the outlet at $45^\circ$ and reduce the circumferential area by $10$. The manometric efficiency is $90$ and the overall efficiency is $80$. Determine the head generated by the pump when running at $1000 \text{ rpm}$, delivering $50 \text{ liters per second}$. What should be the shaft power?

Estimate the percentage of work saved by fitting air vessels in a single acting reciprocating pump and also in a double acting reciprocating pump.

A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of $250 \text{ mm}$ and stroke of $450 \text{ mm}$ and it is driven with SHM at $60 \text{ rpm}$. The length and diameter of delivery pipe are $60 \text{ m}$ and $100 \text{ mm}$ respectively. Determine the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe by fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump. Assume friction factor $= 0.01$.

Explain the working principle of air lift pump with neat sketch.

Write short notes on Hydraulic accumulator and hydraulic Intensifier.

Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a total head of $156 \text{ m}$. Also the pumps are identical and are running $1000 \text{ rpm}$. The specific speed of each pump is given as $20$ while the rated capacity of each pump is $150 \text{ liters/s}$.

Distinguish between a fluid coupling and a torque converter. With neat sketch describe the working of a torque converter.

A Pelton wheel develops $6500 \text{ kW}$ at $200 \text{ rpm}$ under a head of $220 \text{ m}$ with an overall efficiency of $85$. Determine the unit speed, unit discharge and unit power, and the speed, discharge and power when the turbine is working under a head of $140 \text{ m}$.