Fluid Power & Hydraulics

What are rotodynamic machines? Deduce the Euler's pump-turbine equation.

Differentiate between pressure relief valve and pressure reducing valve.

A pressure relief valve with a poppet area of $650 \text{ mm}^2$ and a spring constant of $450 \text{ kN/m}$ has its spring is initially compressed by $5 \text{ mm}$. The poppet must move by $2.5 \text{ mm}$ from its fully closed position in order to pass full pump flow through the valve. Determine the cracking pressure of the valve, and also the pressure of the valve needed for full pump flow through the valve.

State is the purpose of a directional control valve? Name the three ways by which a directional control valve may be actuated.

Explain why a pressure relief is used in a hydraulic system.

Draw the general layout of a hydraulic system and also a pneumatic system showing the basic components in them.

For the crane system shown in Fig. Q.4(d), determine the hydraulic cylinder force required to lift a 2000 N load.